History & Texts |
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Founder | Gerald Gardner (1884–1964), a retired English civil servant | Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BC-30 AD), a Palestinian Jew |
When and where founded | 1950s England | 1st century Israel/Palestine |
Ancient roots/influences | Celtic and Norse pagan religion | Hebrew monotheistic religion; Greco-Roman philosophy and religion |
Foundational text(s) | Gerald Gardner, The Witch Cult in Western Europe andThe God of the Witches | Bible (esp. New Testament) |
Major creeds | Charge of the Goddess, Wiccan Rede | Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed |
Beliefs & Doctrine |
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View of time | Cyclical | Linear |
Afterlife | Reincarnation until reach the Summerland | Resurrection, judgment, eternal heaven or hell |
Type of theism | Polytheism (many gods) or pantheism (god/gods are part of nature) | Monotheism (one god, who is separate from nature) |
Ultimate reality | "The All" or "The One," an unknowable Supreme Being | One God |
Deities | The Goddess and her consort, the horned god; various other pagan deities like Diana, Thor, Zeus, etc. | One God, who is a Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit |
Venerated male figures | The God; Adonis, Apollo, Dionysus, Odin, Osiris, Pan, Thor, Zeus, etc. | Jesus Christ; saints like Francis, Anthony, etc. |
Venerated female figures | The Goddess; Athena, Brigit, Ceridwen, Diana, Hecate, Ishtar, Isis, Venus, etc. | The Blessed Virgin Mary; saints like Mary Magdalene, Teresa, Bridget, etc. |
Rituals & Practices |
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Assembled worshippers called | Coven | Church; congregation |
Place of worship | Outdoors | Church; chapel; meeting hall; sometimes outdoors |
Regular rituals | Prayer, casting a circle, Drawing Down the Moon, reciting spells, dancing, singing, sharing cakes and wine or beer | Prayer, singing, reciting Scripture, Eucharist (bread and wine) |
Special rituals | Initation, handfasting (marriage) | Baptism, confirmation, marriage |
Regular worship days | 13 Esbats (full moons) each year | Sundays |
Major holidays | Samhain, Beltane, equinoxes, solstices | Lent; Easter; Advent; Christmas; various feasts |
Ethical and Social Views |
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Basic moral code | Wiccan Rede: If it harms none, do what you will. | Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. |
Status of women | Equal in value to men | Equal in value to men |
Women in religious leadership | Accepted in all traditions | Accepted in some denominations |
Women in secular leadership | Accepted in all traditions | Accepted in all denominations |
Homosexuality | Accepted and celebrated in nearly all traditions | Rejected in most denominations |
Concern for environment | Emphasized in all traditions | Increasingly emphasized in many denominations, but overall less so than Wicca
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